地道表达阅读约 14 分钟
巴拿马 7.7 级地震新闻英语:BBC 双语精读与 10 个灾害表达
这篇 BBC 2026 年 10 月 9 日的报道记录了巴拿马一场 7.7 级强震:约 460 万人感到震动,多地建筑倒塌,政府全面动员,海啸预警最终解除。篇幅不长,但几乎每一段都是灾害新闻的“标准句型”。
全文很适合从两条线来学:一条是地震、伤亡、疏散与救援相关的灾害新闻英语,另一条是突发新闻如何按“规模 → 时间地点 → 现场画面 → 亲历者 → 官方回应 → 风险排除 → 背景”的顺序组织信息。
新闻导语:规模、时间与地点
来源| BBC · Michael Sheils McNamee · 2026 年 10 月 9 日
阅读说明| 本文是该报道的英语学习笔记,伤亡、救援与海啸风险表述反映报道当时的信息,不是实时灾情通报。BBC 页面标注更新于 2026 年 10 月 9 日 21:26 UTC。
时间差异| BBC 原文写当地时间 15:00 前不久(20:00 GMT);截至本文整理时,USGS 事件记录给出的时间为 2026 年 10 月 9 日 23:56 UTC,即巴拿马当地时间 18:56,震源深度约 12.6 公里、位置距 Pitaloza Arriba 西南偏西约 12 公里。以下保留 BBC 原句供精读,事件参数请以官方记录及后续更新为准。
Powerful magnitude 7.7 earthquake hits Panama, damaging buildings
巴拿马遭遇 7.7 级强震,多地建筑受损
A massive magnitude 7.7 earthquake has hit Panama, damaging buildings and causing widespread shaking.
一场 7.7 级强烈地震袭击了巴拿马,造成建筑受损,并引发大范围震感。
About 4.6 million people felt moderate to severe tremors as a result of the quake, according to the US Geological Survey, which has said that the effects of the quake were “likely to be widespread“.
据美国地质调查局(USGS)称,约 460 万人因这次地震感受到了中度到强烈的震动。该机构表示,这次地震的影响“很可能波及广泛”。
It struck just before 15:00 local time (20:00 GMT) on Friday, with an epicentre about 6.2 miles (10km) from the town of Pitaloza Arriba in south-central Panama.
地震发生在当地时间周五 15:00 前不久(格林尼治时间 20:00),震中距巴拿马中南部小镇 Pitaloza Arriba 约 10 公里(6.2 英里)。
建筑倒塌与居民的恐惧
Footage shared online appears to show collapsed buildings in the towns of Penonomé and Soná, including one of a man calling out to anyone trapped under the rubble of a collapsed building. No casualties have so far been reported.
网上流传的视频似乎显示,Penonomé 和 Soná 两镇都有建筑倒塌。其中一段视频里,一名男子正对着一栋倒塌建筑的废墟呼喊,寻找可能被困在瓦砾下的人。目前尚无人员伤亡报告。
A maternity ward in Panama City was among the buildings evacuated during the tremors.
地震期间,巴拿马城的一家产科病房也在紧急疏散的建筑之列。
Verified footage shows one side of a cathedral in Penonomé collapsed due to the shaking, as well as one of its spires. Another video showed a local hotel had almost completely collapsed.
经核实的视频显示,Penonomé 一座大教堂的一侧因震动坍塌,一座尖塔也倒了下来。另一段视频显示,当地一家酒店几乎完全倒塌。
Ricardo Brown, who lives in the southern Herrera province, told news agency Reuters that the earthquake had damaged several homes in his neighbourhood of Las Minas.
住在南部埃雷拉省(Herrera)的 Ricardo Brown 对路透社说,地震损坏了他所在的 Las Minas 街区的好几栋房屋。
“We’re scared. It’s just the two of us old folks here. The house has cracked and we’re afraid it could fall on us,” the 74-year-old said.
译文| 这位 74 岁的老人说:“我们很害怕。这里就只有我们两个老人。房子已经裂了,我们怕它会塌下来砸到我们。”
浅源地震与地表影响
The full extent of the damage it has caused is not yet clear, though several large aftershocks were also reported near the initial earthquake, potentially complicating the situation on the surface.
这次地震造成的损失到底有多严重,目前还不清楚。不过,主震附近还报告了几次较强的余震,可能会让地面上的情况变得更加复杂。
The quake was registered as occurring at a depth of just 12km. The shallower the earthquake, the more likely it is to have more severe effects on the surface.
监测记录显示,这次地震的震源深度只有 12 公里。地震越浅,就越有可能在地表造成更严重的影响。
Many people were evacuated from buildings in Panama City, about 200km from the epicentre, and were seen taking to the streets or sitting in nearby parks until the shaking had ceased.
在距震中约 200 公里的巴拿马城,许多人被疏散出建筑,有人涌上街头,有人坐在附近公园里,一直等到震动停止。
Damage in the capital appears to be limited to that caused by debris falling from roofs.
首都的损失看起来仅限于屋顶掉落的碎片所造成的破坏。
政府回应与海啸预警
Panama’s President José Raúl Mulino said his entire government was mobilising in response to the earthquake, adding: “What happened should not be used to cause alarm or disorder.”
巴拿马总统 José Raúl Mulino 表示,整个政府正在全面动员应对这次地震。他还说:“不应借这次发生的事制造恐慌或混乱。”
Tsunami warnings were initially issued for 11 countries neighbouring Panama, before the US Tsunami Warning System confirmed there was no threat.
巴拿马周边 11 个国家起初发布了海啸预警,随后美国海啸预警系统确认不存在威胁。
The Panama Canal – a vital waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans – was unaffected by the earthquake, the authority that oversees marine traffic through it said.
负责管理运河通航的机构表示,巴拿马运河这条连接大西洋和太平洋的重要水道没有受到地震影响。
The earthquake comes just three days before Panama was scheduled to hold a national evacuation drill for dealing with a major earthquake.
这次地震发生时,距离巴拿马原定举行的全国大地震疏散演习只差三天。
It also follows devastating earthquakes in Colombia and Venezuela earlier this year.
在此之前,今年早些时候哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉也发生过破坏性极强的地震。
三句话抓住全文:
A shallow magnitude 7.7 earthquake caused widespread shaking across Panama.
一场震源很浅的 7.7 级地震让巴拿马大范围有震感。
Buildings collapsed, but no casualties have so far been reported.
多地建筑倒塌,但目前尚无人员伤亡报告。
The government mobilised, and the tsunami threat was ruled out.
政府全面动员,海啸威胁也已被排除。
10 个重点表达与拓展
这一节抓 10 个核心表达: strike / hit、widespread、tremor、epicentre、trapped under the rubble、casualties、the full extent of the damage、aftershock、mobilise in response to、cause alarm。
每个表达按 词源 / 构词 → 双语搭配 → 词族 / 延伸 → 可迁移场景 来学。
1. strike / hit|(灾害)袭击;突然发生
词源| strike 来自古英语 strīcan,最早有“划过、移动”的意思,后来发展出“击打”。过去式和过去分词是 struck。新闻里常让 earthquake、storm、disaster 做主语,表示“突然来袭”。
常见搭配| an earthquake strikes / hits + 地点:地震袭击某地 · disaster strikes:灾难突然降临 · tragedy struck:悲剧发生了 · be hard hit by…:被……重创
词族 / 延伸| strike:罢工 · striking:引人注目的 · hard-hit areas:重灾区
可迁移场景| 地震、台风、疫情、经济危机、停电。
A powerful storm struck the coast overnight, cutting power to thousands of homes.
一场强风暴夜间袭击了沿海地区,导致数千户家庭断电。
2. widespread|大范围的;普遍的
构词| wide + spread:铺得很宽、摊得很开。记住画面:一滴墨水在纸上“又宽又远地”晕开。
常见搭配| widespread shaking:大范围震感 · widespread damage:大面积损毁 · widespread flooding:大范围洪水 · widespread concern:普遍担忧 · be likely to be widespread:很可能波及广泛
延伸| far-reaching:影响深远的 · wide-ranging:涉及面广的 · 反义 localised:局部的
可迁移场景| 灾害、疾病、舆论、社会现象、政策影响。
The heatwave has caused widespread disruption to rail services.
热浪给铁路运行造成了大范围影响。
3. tremor|震动;(较小的)地震
词源| 来自拉丁语 tremor(颤抖),动词 tremere 意为“发抖”。地面“发抖”就是 tremor。
词族| tremble:发抖 · tremendous:巨大的(原义“令人发抖的”)· tremulous:颤抖的
常见搭配| moderate to severe tremors:中度到强烈的震动 · feel tremors:感到震动 · minor tremors:轻微震动 · earth tremor:地震 / 地颤
区分| tremor 偏指“震动”或小地震;quake 是 earthquake 的简称;aftershock 是余震。
可迁移场景| 地震报道;比喻用法 send tremors through the market:让市场震动。
Residents felt tremors as far away as the capital.
远在首都的居民也感到了震动。
4. epicentre|震中;(比喻)中心
构词| 希腊语前缀 epi-(在……之上)+ centre。地震真正开始的地下位置叫 focus / hypocentre(震源),它正上方的地表位置就是 epicentre。美式拼写 epicenter。
常见搭配| the epicentre of the quake:地震震中 · about 10km from the epicentre:距震中约 10 公里 · the epicentre of the outbreak:疫情中心 · the epicentre of the crisis:危机中心
词族| epi- 家族:epidemic(epi- 与 demos“人群”相关,词源释义宜整体理解为在人群中流行)· epilogue:尾声
可迁移场景| 地震、疫情、金融危机、潮流文化(the epicentre of fashion)。
The town closest to the epicentre suffered the most serious damage.
离震中最近的小镇受损最严重。
5. trapped under the rubble|被困在瓦砾下
记忆方法| 把 rubble 读出来,像碎砖碎石“咕噜噜”滚下来的声音——一大堆碎砖烂瓦。这里是声音联想,不当作严格词源。trapped 来自 trap(陷阱),“被困住、出不来”。
常见搭配| buried under the rubble:被埋在废墟下 · pull survivors from the rubble:从废墟中救出幸存者 · search through the rubble:在废墟里搜寻 · be reduced to rubble:化为一片废墟
延伸| debris:碎片(原文 debris falling from roofs)· ruins:废墟、遗迹 · wreckage:(车、飞机等的)残骸
可迁移场景| 地震、爆炸、建筑倒塌、战争报道。
Rescue teams worked through the night to reach people trapped under the rubble.
救援队通宵作业,努力接近被困在瓦砾下的人。
6. casualties|伤亡人员
词源| casualty 和 casual 同源,来自拉丁语 casus(掉落;偶然发生的事),再往上是 cadere(落下)。“偶然落到头上的不幸”→事故→伤亡人员。
易错| casualties 包括死亡和受伤,不只是“死亡人数”。只说死亡用 deaths / fatalities。
常见搭配| No casualties have been reported:尚无伤亡报告 · heavy casualties:伤亡惨重 · civilian casualties:平民伤亡 · casualty figures:伤亡数字
词族| case(“情况”义,与表示“盒子”的 case 来源不同):情况 · casual:随意的 · accident(ad + cadere,“落到身上”)· occasion:场合
可迁移场景| 灾害、交通事故、冲突报道。
Officials said there were no casualties, but several homes were badly damaged.
官员称没有人员伤亡,但有几栋房屋严重受损。
7. the full extent of the damage|损失的全部程度;到底损失多大
词源| extent 和 extend 同源:ex-(向外)+ 拉丁语 tendere(伸展)。“伸展到多远”→范围、程度。
常见搭配| The full extent of the damage is not yet clear.:损失全貌尚不清楚 · assess the extent of…:评估……的程度 · to some extent:在某种程度上 · to a large extent:在很大程度上
词族| extend:延伸 · extension:延期 / 扩建 · extensive:大规模的、广泛的
可迁移场景| 灾害、事故、数据泄露、经济冲击、疫情影响。
It may take weeks to assess the full extent of the flood damage.
可能需要几周时间,才能评估洪灾造成的全部损失。
8. aftershock|余震;(比喻)余波
构词| after + shock:主震之后的震动。顺手记一组:foreshock 前震 · mainshock 主震 · aftershock 余震。
常见搭配| several large aftershocks:几次较强余震 · aftershocks continue:余震不断 · be rattled by aftershocks:被余震震得惊魂不定
延伸| 比喻用法 the aftershocks of the financial crisis:金融危机的余波
可迁移场景| 地震报道;经济、政治事件的后续影响。
Residents were warned to stay out of damaged buildings because of the risk of aftershocks.
当局提醒居民不要进入受损建筑,以防余震。
9. mobilise in response to|动员起来应对……
词源| mobilise 来自 mobile(可移动的),源头是拉丁语 movere(移动)。让人力和资源“动起来”。BBC 用英式拼写 -ise,美式是 mobilize。
常见搭配| mobilise resources / volunteers / troops:调动资源 / 志愿者 / 部队 · the government is mobilising:政府正在全面动员 · in response to the earthquake:为应对地震
词族| move · mobile · mobility:流动性 · demobilise:遣散、复员
可迁移场景| 政府应急、企业危机处理、社区志愿、公益募捐。
Local volunteers quickly mobilised in response to the floods.
洪水发生后,当地志愿者迅速动员起来。
10. cause alarm|引起恐慌;引发担忧
词源| alarm 来自意大利语 all’arme,意思是“拿起武器!”——原本是战时的号令,后来变成“警报、惊慌”。
常见搭配| cause alarm or disorder:制造恐慌或混乱 · raise the alarm:发出警报 · a false alarm:虚惊一场 · alarming:令人担忧的 · alarmist:危言耸听的
区分| panic 是惊慌失措,程度更强;alarm 更偏“担忧、警觉”。
可迁移场景| 官方声明、辟谣、公共卫生事件、市场波动。
Officials urged the public not to spread rumours that could cause alarm.
官员呼吁公众不要传播可能引起恐慌的谣言。
IELTS 可迁移的 3 个句型
1. Natural disasters can cause widespread damage within minutes.
自然灾害可能在几分钟内造成大范围破坏。
Misinformation online can cause widespread confusion within hours.
网上的虚假信息可能在几小时内造成大范围混乱。
2. The shallower the earthquake, the more likely it is to have severe effects on the surface.
地震越浅,就越可能在地表造成严重影响。(这是一种概括;实际破坏还取决于震级、距离、地质条件和建筑抗震能力。)
The earlier children start reading, the more likely they are to enjoy it later in life.
孩子越早开始阅读,就越可能在以后的人生中享受阅读。
3. The full extent of the damage often only becomes clear days later.
损失的全貌往往要几天后才会清楚。
The full extent of social media’s impact on teenagers is not yet clear.
社交媒体对青少年的影响到底有多大,目前还不清楚。
今天先用这 3 个表达
widespread · the full extent of · mobilise in response to
三词翻译挑战
请把下面这句话翻成英文,三个表达都要用上:
强台风登陆后造成了大范围停电,地方政府已全面动员应对,但损失到底有多严重目前仍不清楚。
提示| widespread · mobilise in response to · the full extent of the damage
参考答案
After making landfall, the powerful typhoon caused widespread power cuts. The local government has mobilised in response, but the full extent of the damage is not yet clear.
强台风登陆后造成了大范围停电。地方政府已经全面动员应对,但损失到底有多严重,目前仍不清楚。
再换一个场景:暴雨洪水
把地震换成“暴雨洪水”,继续用这三个表达完成一句话:
Heavy rain has caused ____ flooding across the region. Emergency services are ____ the crisis, but ____ the damage will not be known for days.
查看答案
Heavy rain has caused widespread flooding across the region. Emergency services are mobilising in response to the crisis, but the full extent of the damage will not be known for days.
表达判断题
根据原文选择正确释义:
1. No casualties have so far been reported 里的 casualties 指的是:
A. 只指死亡人数
B. 死亡和受伤的人员
C. 房屋等财产损失
2. epicentre 指的是:
A. 地震在地下开始的位置
B. 震源正上方的地表位置
C. 受灾最严重的城市
3. aftershocks 指的是:
A. 主震之后发生的较小地震
B. 地震发生前的预兆
C. 地震引发的海啸
查看答案
1. B
2. B
3. A
一句话复述挑战
试着用这篇文章的核心信息完成一句英文:
A shallow magnitude 7.7 earthquake ____ Panama, causing ____ shaking, but the full extent of the damage ____.
参考答案:
A shallow magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck Panama, causing widespread shaking, but the full extent of the damage is not yet clear.
一场震源很浅的 7.7 级地震袭击了巴拿马,引发大范围震感,但损失到底有多严重,目前还不清楚。
重点表达速查表
| 英语 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| strike / hit | (灾害)袭击、突然发生 |
| widespread | 大范围的、普遍的 |
| tremor | 震动;较小的地震 |
| epicentre | 震中 |
| trapped under the rubble | 被困在瓦砾下 |
| casualties | 伤亡人员 |
| the full extent of the damage | 损失的全部程度 |
| aftershock | 余震;余波 |
| mobilise in response to | 动员应对…… |
| cause alarm | 引发担忧、恐慌 |